Tsohlelebone la mosebetsi le Rechargeable, lebone le nkehang la kampolelebone le nang le mesebetsi e mengatasebelisa mofuta oa lebone la LED.Ho utloisisa molao-motheo oa diode led, pele ho utloisisa tsebo ea motheo ea semiconductors.Thepa ea conductive ea thepa ea semiconductor e pakeng tsa li-conductor le li-insulators.Likarolo tsa eona tse ikhethang ke: ha semiconductor e tsosoa ke khanya ea ka ntle le maemo a mocheso, bokhoni ba eona ba ho khanna bo tla fetoha haholo;Ho kenyelletsa litšila tse nyane ho semiconductor e hloekileng ho eketsa haholo bokhoni ba eona ba ho tsamaisa motlakase.Silicon (Si) le germanium (Ge) ke li-semiconductors tse sebelisoang haholo ho lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tsa morao-rao, 'me li-electrone tsa tsona tsa ka ntle ke tse' nè.Ha silicon kapa germanium liathomo theha kristale, liathomo tsa boahelani li sebelisana le mong ho e mong, e le hore lielektrone tsa ka ntle e be ba arolelanoa ke liathomo tse peli, e leng e bopang covalent tlamo sebopeho ka kristale, e leng sebopeho sa molek'hule e nang le matla a fokolang a thibelo.Mocheso oa kamore (300K), ho tsosoa ha mocheso ho tla etsa hore li-electrone tse ling tsa ka ntle li fumane matla a lekaneng a ho arohana le bond ea covalent 'me e be li-electrone tse sa lefelloeng, mokhoa ona o bitsoa intrinsic excitation.Ka mor'a hore elektrone e sa tlamehe ho fetoha elektronike e sa lefelloeng, ho setse sekheo se secha ka bond ea covalent.Sekheo sena se bitsoa lesoba.Ponahalo ea lesoba ke tšobotsi ea bohlokoa e khethollang semiconductor ho tloha ho conductor.
Ha palo e nyane ea litšila tse pentavalent joalo ka phosphorus e eketsoa ho semiconductor ea kahare, e tla ba le elektrone e eketsehileng kamora ho theha maqhama a covalent le liathomo tse ling tsa semiconductor.Elektrone ena e eketsehileng e hloka feela matla a fokolang haholo ho tlosa tlamo le ho fetoha elektronike ea mahala.Mofuta ona oa semiconductor ea litšila o bitsoa semiconductor ea elektronike (N-mofuta oa semiconductor).Leha ho le joalo, eketsa palo e nyenyane ea trivalent elemental litšila (tse kang boron, joalo-joalo) ho semiconductor intrinsic, hobane e na le lielektrone tse tharo feela ka lera ka ntle, ka mor'a ho theha maqhama covalent le liathomo tse potolohileng semiconductor, e tla bopa sekheo. ka kristale.Mofuta ona oa semiconductor ea litšila o bitsoa semiconductor ea lesoba (P-type semiconductor).Ha li-semiconductors tsa mofuta oa N le mofuta oa P li kopantsoe, ho na le phapang lipakeng tsa lielektrone tse sa lefelloeng le masoba mateanong a tsona.Li-electrone le masoba ka bobeli li arotsoe ho ea sebakeng se tlaase, li siea li-ion tse qositsoeng empa li sa tsamaee tse senyang ho se nke lehlakore ha motlakase ha libaka tsa mofuta oa N-mofuta le P.Likaroloana tsena tse qosoang tse sa tsamaeeng hangata li bitsoa litefiso tsa sebaka, 'me li tsepamisitsoe haufi le sebaka sa N le P ho theha sebaka se tšesaane haholo sa tefiso ea sebaka, se tsejoang ka hore ke PN junction.
Ha motlakase oa pele oa bias o sebelisoa lipheletsong tse peli tsa PN junction (voltage e ntle ho lehlakoreng le leng la mofuta oa P), likoti le li-electrone tse sa lefelloeng lia pota-pota, li etsa sebaka sa motlakase se ka hare.Likoti tse sa tsoa kenngoa li kopana hape le li-electrone tse sa lefelloeng, ka linako tse ling li ntša matla a feteletseng ka mokhoa oa photon, e leng leseli leo re le bonang le hlahisoa ke li-leds.Maqhubu a joalo a batla a le moqotetsane, 'me kaha thepa e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le lekhalo le fapaneng la lihlopha, boholo ba maqhubu a photons a hlahisoang bo fapane, kahoo mebala ea li-led e khethoa ke lisebelisoa tsa motheo tse sebelisoang.
Nako ea poso: May-12-2023